Churpi - छुर्पी
Churpi, also known as chhurpi or durkha, is a traditional cheese integral to the culinary heritage of Nepal and the broader Himalayan region. Renowned for its hard texture, churpi is often considered one of the world's toughest cheeses.
Production Process:
Churpi is crafted from the milk of yaks, chauris (a crossbreed between yaks and local hill cows), cows, or buffaloes. The production involves:
Coagulation: Milk is boiled and coagulated using natural agents like buttermilk, lemon juice, or other acidic substances.
Separation: The resulting curds are separated from the whey. For soft churpi, the curds are wrapped in cloth and hung to drain excess moisture. For hard churpi, the curds are pressed firmly to remove additional water.
Drying: The pressed curds are cut into small pieces and traditionally hung over a fire or dried in the sun to achieve the desired hardness. Properly dried hard churpi can be stored for extended periods, even up to 20 years when kept in yak skin.
Varieties and Consumption:
Soft Churpi: This variant is soft, white, and has a neutral taste. It's commonly used in curries, soups, or as a filling for momos (dumplings). In mountainous regions, soft churpi serves as a protein-rich substitute for vegetables.
Hard Churpi: Known for its extreme hardness, this type is consumed by chewing slowly, akin to a natural chewing gum. A single piece can last for hours, providing sustained chewing satisfaction.
Cultural and Economic Significance:
Churpi holds a special place in Nepalese culture, especially in high-altitude communities where it serves as a vital protein source. Its long shelf life makes it an essential food item for herders and travelers in remote areas.
In recent years, hard churpi has gained international attention as a natural dog chew. This surge in demand has boosted Nepal's export market. In the fiscal year 2021-22, Nepal's churpi exports reached approximately $22 million, with significant growth observed in subsequent years.
To capitalize on this growing market, Nepal is working on establishing standards for churpi production to meet international quality requirements. This initiative aims to enhance the product's appeal in global markets and support local producers.
In summary, churpi is not only a staple in Nepalese cuisine but also a product of increasing economic importance, reflecting the rich cultural traditions and evolving trade dynamics of the region.